The book introduces and interprets the ideas and cases of urban planning and urban conservation of Beijing. It provides an insight into the living environment of Beijing through actual construction and renovation cases of hutongs, buildings, and communities. While reviewing the history of the urban planning of Beijing, China’s capital where millions upon millions people live, the author reflects on a question of our times—what kind of capital to build and how to build it. The book focuses on the people-centered urban planning philosophy and expounds on the cases in Beijing’s living environment program to treat urban diseases and relieve the city of functions not essential to its role as the capital.